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Peptide profile · Weight Management

5-Amino-1MQ

A small-molecule NNMT inhibitor studied in animals for fat loss and NAD+ metabolism.

Written by Michael CarrollOwner, Director of Research · Reviewed by the Peptide Initiative Research Team

Weight ManagementPreclinical onlyResearch compound — not FDA approved

Suggested dose

50 – 150 mg/day

No human dose establishedCycle: 8-12 weeks (community-reported; no human trial data)Onset: Not established in humans; gradual over weeks in animal studies

Half-life

Not established in humans; preclinical rodent data suggest a few hours (compound is membrane-permeable and orally active)

Bioavailability

Orally bioavailable in animal studies (high membrane permeability shown by PAMPA and Caco-2 assays); human data not established

Molecular weight

159.21 g/mol (cation); 286.11 g/mol (iodide salt)

Evidence level

Preclinical only

01 · Compound profile

Scientific & efficacy data

Molecular formula

C10H11N2+ (cation); commonly supplied as the iodide salt (C10H11IN2)

Primary benefits

Fat and weight reduction

The strongest animal finding, with its numbers: in 9 diet-induced obese mice treated for 11 days, epididymal white adipose mass fell about 35% (p<0.001) and adipocyte size by more than 30% (p<0.05) against 9 controls, while body weight fell 5.1% in treated mice as controls gained 1.4% [1]. Food intake did not differ between the groups, so the effect was metabolic rather than appetite-driven [1]. Mice, 11 days, nine animals — strong for what it is, and unproven in humans.

Metabolic markers

Total plasma cholesterol was about 30% lower in treated mice than controls (p<0.05), bringing it in line with the vendor's figures for age-matched normal-chow mice [1]. A second mouse study reported improvements in insulin, glucose tolerance, triglycerides and liver fat [2]. No human measurement of any of these exists for this compound.

NAD+ / cellular energy

The mechanism is well characterised in cells: blocking NNMT cuts production of 1-MNA and raises intracellular NAD+ and SAM, with an EC50 of 2.3 ± 1.1 µM in cultured adipocytes [1]. It is selective — no inhibition of DNMT1, PRMT3, NAMPT or SIRT1 at tested concentrations [1]. That the mechanism works in a dish is not the same as a benefit in a person.

Mol. weight159.21 g/mol (cation); 286.11 g/mol (iodide salt)
CAS number42464-96-0 (salt form)
PubChem950107
Developed · 2018Harshini Neelakantan, Stanley J. Watowich, Stanton F. McHardy and colleagues
University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) and University of Texas at San Antonio

Amino acid sequence

Not applicable — 5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor (a methylquinolinium compound), not a peptide.

02 · Dosing

How much do I take?

50 – 150 mg/day (community-reported, no trial) · once daily, per community protocols

Undefined — no human study has run any duration50 – 150 mg/day (community-reported, no trial)Once daily, per community protocols
Full 5-Amino-1MQ dosing protocol

Covers timing · dose-adjustment guidance.

5-Amino-1MQOnce daily, per community protocols

How much peptide is in your bottle?

Look at the label on the vial. It’s the number next to mg — like "5 mg".

0

03 · Suitability

Is this right for me?

Best for fat loss (research context) & metabolic health support

Best for

Fat loss research

The clearest, most repeated finding: obese mice lost body weight and fat mass on 5-Amino-1MQ without eating less [1][2]. This is the main reason people are interested — though it is animal data, not human proof.

Metabolic health support

In mice, it improved blood sugar, insulin, and liver fat [2]. Researchers see NNMT inhibition as a promising angle for metabolic syndrome [4].

NAD+ and cellular energy science

By blocking NNMT, it raises NAD+ and SAM inside cells, which supports how cells make and use energy [1][4]. This makes it interesting to people studying aging and metabolism.

Consider alternatives if

Proven weight loss in humansGLP-1 medications like semaglutide or tirzepatide (FDA-approved and studied in humans), Mazdutide (advanced human trials)
Raising NAD+ levelsNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), NR (nicotinamide riboside)

Do not use if

You are pregnant or breastfeedingYou take an MAO inhibitorYou want only treatments proven safe and effective in humans

Use with caution if

You take SSRIs or other serotonergic medications [2]You have any chronic medical conditionYou take prescription medications of any kindYou have a history of blood pressure problems

Not sure?

Compare 5-Amino-1MQ with similar peptides to find the best fit for your goals.

04 · Administration

How do I use it?

Subcutaneous injection · Oral capsule

Route

Oral capsule is the most common community route; subcutaneous injection was used in animal studies [1][2]

Best sites

Abdomen (subcutaneous, if injected)Upper thigh (subcutaneous, if injected)

Covers reconstitution · step-by-step technique · storage.

05 · Safety

Is it safe?

2 common side effects · 2 serious

The honest picture: nobody has run a human safety trial on 5-Amino-1MQ, so everything below is from mice and cultured cells. In the 11-day mouse study, 9 treated animals lost 2.0 ± 0.6 g of body weight (about 5.1% from baseline) while 9 controls gained 0.6 ± 0.4 g, with no difference in food intake and no observable adverse effects reported [1]. The tolerability ceiling people quote comes from a dose-escalation study spanning 10 to 150 mg/kg/day in TWO mice, where 60 mg/kg/day produced no observable adverse effects [1] — a denominator worth seeing before treating it as a safety margin. In cultured pre-adipocytes the compound is cytotoxic at high concentration: no effect on viability at 10 µM, modest cytotoxicity from 100 to 300 µM, and roughly 40% loss of viability at 600 µM [1]. Lab screening also found off-target inhibition of monoamine oxidase-A at higher concentrations [2]. Short studies in mice cannot rule out problems that appear over months or years in people. Treat this as an experimental compound and talk to a doctor first, particularly if you take any medication.

All safety information is preclinical. The absence of human data here was checked rather than assumed: PubMed has no record under "5-amino-1MQ" and no clinical study of any NNMT inhibitor in people, ClinicalTrials.gov has no registered study of either the compound or the target, and no company has announced a clinical programme. The EU and WHO trial registries were not searched directly, so a trial registered only outside the US cannot be ruled out. The main mouse study gave 20 mg/kg per subcutaneous injection three times daily — about 34 mg/kg/day — to 9 diet-induced obese mice for 11 days, against 9 saline controls [1]; a second used 10-32 mg/kg once daily for about a month [2]. Those are animal doses and do not convert to human milligram doses. Note one discrepancy worth knowing if you read around: secondary write-ups describe the mouse study as drinking-water dosing at about 40 mg/kg/day. The primary paper, read in full, describes subcutaneous injection at 20 mg/kg three times daily [1]. On selectivity, the compound did not inhibit DNMT1, PRMT3, NAMPT or SIRT1 at tested concentrations, and inhibited COMT only 10% at 600 µM [1] — a clean NNMT inhibitor at relevant concentrations, with the MAO-A signal appearing at higher ones [2]. Human pharmacokinetics, long-term safety and an effective human dose are all unknown. Note also that this is a small molecule, not a peptide — it is catalogued here because people ask about it alongside peptides.

Common side effects · experienced by some users

No verified human side effectsBecause no human trials have been run, there is no verified list of common side effects. In animal studies, mice showed no obvious adverse effects at the doses tested [1][2].Management: Understand that safety in people is unknown. Track how you feel and stop if anything feels wrong.
Mild nausea or headache (community-reported)Some people using it outside of studies mention mild stomach upset or headache. This is anecdotal and not confirmed by any trial.Management: Take with food, lower the dose, or stop. Talk to a doctor if it persists.

Less common

Fatigue or flushing (community-reported)

These typically resolve with continued use or dose adjustment.

Stop and seek help if

  • ×Any severe or unexpected symptom
  • ×Signs of a reaction to MAO-A effects such as severe headache, racing heart, or spiking blood pressure [2]
  • ×Persistent nausea, headache, or fatigue
  • ×You start a medication affected by MAO-A
  • ×You become pregnant or are breastfeeding

This is an experimental research compound with no human safety data. This information is educational and not medical advice. Talk to a qualified healthcare provider before using it and before stopping any prescribed medication.

With other peptides

  • NAD+ precursors (NMN, NR)Community users sometimes stack these to support NAD+; the combination has never been tested in humans [1]

With medications

  • !MAO inhibitorsAvoid. The compound inhibited monoamine oxidase-A in lab screening, so combining could compound MAO-blocking effects [2]
  • !SSRIs / serotonergic drugsUse caution due to theoretical off-target MAO-A activity [2]
  • !Drugs metabolized via MAO pathwaysDiscuss with a doctor before combining

With supplements

  • NMN or NRCommunity-reported pairing to support NAD+; unstudied together in humans
  • Tyramine-rich foods/supplementsTheoretical caution alongside possible MAO-A inhibition [2]

06 · Effectiveness

How do I know it's working?

Preclinical only · first signs weeks 1-2

Evidence level

Preclinical only

(animal and lab studies; no human trials)

50/100

How it works

Imagine your fat cells have a drain that slowly lets out the fuel they need to burn energy. That drain is an enzyme called NNMT. 5-Amino-1MQ plugs the drain. With the drain plugged, the cell keeps more fuel (NAD+) and burns fat instead of storing it [1]. In mice, this led to less body fat and smaller fat cells [1].

NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) transfers a methyl group from SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) onto nicotinamide, producing 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA) and SAH (S-adenosylhomocysteine). This single reaction pulls from two systems at once: it consumes nicotinamide, a building block your cells recycle into NAD+ through the salvage pathway, and it burns through SAM, the cell's main methyl-group currency [4]. When NNMT runs fast in fat tissue, NAD+ and SAM stay low and energy expenditure drops. 5-Amino-1MQ is a nicotinamide look-alike that competitively binds NNMT's active site, so the enzyme cannot process its normal target [4]. In cultured fat cells this lowered 1-MNA and raised both NAD+ and SAM, which suppressed the building of new fat [1]. Importantly, the methylquinolinium scaffold is highly selective — it does not block related SAM-dependent methyltransferases or the NAD+ salvage enzymes — and it crosses cell membranes well, which is unusual for this class [1]. One caveat from later work: at higher lab concentrations the compound also inhibited monoamine oxidase-A, an off-target effect worth watching [2].

What to expect

Weeks 1-2

What you might notice

  • Likely nothing obvious
  • In mice, changes built up gradually rather than overnight [1]
  • No human timeline has been studied

What's normal

  • Feeling no different early on is expected
  • This is not a fast-acting stimulant

What's next

  • Focus on tolerating the compound and watching for any side effects

Weeks 3-6

What you might notice

  • Community users hope to notice gradual body-composition changes
  • In animal studies, fat and weight reductions appeared over weeks of dosing [1][2]

What's normal

  • Slow, steady change (if any) rather than dramatic shifts
  • Any effect in humans is unproven

What's next

  • Reassess how you feel and whether to continue
  • Keep diet and activity consistent so you can judge honestly

Weeks 7-12

What you might notice

  • This is where longer animal studies showed the fullest effects on fat mass and metabolic markers [2]
  • Human results at this stage are unknown

What's normal

  • A full cycle in community protocols runs roughly 8-12 weeks

What's next

  • Take a break and reassess
  • There is no evidence on safe long-term continuous use in humans

Signs it's working · Physical Response Indicators

  • Gradual body-fat reduction (seen in mice; unproven in humans) [1]
  • Changes in waist or body measurements over weeks
  • No drop in appetite — animal fat loss happened without eating less [1]

Signs it's working · Subjective Changes

  • Community users report a sense of steadier energy (anecdotal, not verified)
  • No validated subjective markers exist for this compound in humans

Signs it's working · Measurable Markers (if tested)

  • In mice: lower fasting insulin and better glucose tolerance [2]
  • In mice: reduced triglycerides and liver fat [2]
  • In humans, any bloodwork changes would need a doctor to interpret and are not established

Not seeing results? Common reasons

  • Expecting fast results — animal changes were gradual over weeks [1]
  • No human dose is established, so a chosen dose may simply be too low or ineffective
  • Diet and activity not held steady, making any effect impossible to judge
  • Product quality varies widely for research compounds; purity is not guaranteed
  • The compound may simply not work the same way in humans as in mice

Key research

[1]Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in miceNeelakantan H, Vance V, Wetzel MD, Wang HL, McHardy SF, Finnerty CC, Hommel JD, Watowich SJ, 2018Finding: The foundational study. In diet-induced obese mice, 5-amino-1MQ at 20 mg/kg given three times daily for 11 days significantly reduced body weight and white fat mass, shrank fat cells, and lowered plasma cholesterol, with no change in food intake and no observable adverse effects. The compound was highly selective for NNMT and membrane-permeable. Published in Biochemical Pharmacology, volume 147, pages 141-152.View study
[2]Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase Inhibition Mitigates Obesity-Related Metabolic DysfunctionsBabula JJ, Bui D, Stevenson HL, Watowich SJ, Neelakantan H, 2024Finding: In diet-induced obese mice, 5-amino-1MQ at 10 or 32 mg/kg once daily by subcutaneous injection for 28-30 days dose-dependently suppressed weight gain, lowered fasting insulin, improved oral glucose tolerance, reduced triglycerides, and cut liver fat (hepatic steatosis) by up to 73% at the high dose while normalizing liver enzymes. No serious adverse effects; off-target screening showed the compound inhibited monoamine oxidase-A at 10 micromolar. Published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, volume 26, issue 11.View study
[3]Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO miceDimet-Wiley A, Wu Q, Wiley JT, Eswar A, Neelakantan H, Savidge T, Watowich SJ, 2022Finding: In obese mice, combining a reduced-calorie diet with 5-amino-1MQ (32 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection) produced body weight and fat mass indistinguishable from lean control animals — better than diet change alone — and shifted the gut microbiome, increasing Lactobacillus. Published in Scientific Reports.View study
[4]Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): a novel therapeutic target for metabolic syndromeSun WD, Zhu XJ, Li JJ, et al., 2024Finding: A review explaining how NNMT methylates nicotinamide using SAM to make 1-methylnicotinamide, depleting NAD+ precursors and raising homocysteine. It describes 5-amino-1MQ as a nicotinamide analog that competitively inhibits NNMT, is highly selective, and reversed obesity in high-fat-diet mice by raising NAD+ and lowering fat mass. Published in Frontiers in Pharmacology, volume 15, article 1410479.View study
[5]PubChem Compound Summary: 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium (CID 950107)National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2024Finding: Official chemical database record confirming the identity and structure of 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium: molecular formula C10H11N2+ (cation), molecular weight 159.21 g/mol, PubChem CID 950107, salt CAS 42464-96-0.View study

08 · Questions

Frequently asked

Is 5-Amino-1MQ actually a peptide?+

No. Despite being sold alongside peptides, 5-Amino-1MQ is a small chemical molecule (a methylquinolinium compound), not a peptide made of amino acids. It works by blocking an enzyme called NNMT [4].

Has 5-Amino-1MQ been tested in humans?+

No. Every published study is in mice or lab dishes [1][2][3]. There are no human clinical trials, so its effects and safety in people are unknown.

How does it help with fat loss?+

In fat cells, an enzyme called NNMT wastes molecules (NAD+ and SAM) your cells use to burn energy. 5-Amino-1MQ blocks NNMT, so cells keep more of that fuel and lean toward burning fat instead of storing it. In obese mice this led to less body fat without the animals eating less [1].

What dose do people use?+

There is no proven human dose. Community protocols commonly cite 50-150 mg per day by mouth, but that is not backed by any human study. Animal studies used 10-32 mg/kg by injection, which does not convert directly to a human pill dose [1][2].

Are there any safety concerns?+

The biggest concern is simply that human safety is unknown. Lab screening also found it can block monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) at higher concentrations, so it should not be combined with MAO inhibitors and should be used cautiously with serotonergic drugs or tyramine-rich foods [2]. Talk to a doctor first.

Medical disclaimer

5-Amino-1MQ is an investigational research compound not approved by the FDA for human therapeutic use. This information is for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new supplement or treatment protocol.

Last updated: Sep 16, 2026