SS-31
Elamipretide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2)
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize mitochondrial structure and function. Originally developed for mitochondrial diseases and heart failure, SS-31 enhances cellular energy production and reduces oxidative stress across multiple organ systems. It has shown promise in clinical trials for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Barth syndrome, and mitochondrial myopathies.
SS-31 Dosing Guide
Primary Benefits
- Targets mitochondria through cardiolipin binding
- Enhances cellular ATP production and energy metabolism
- Reduces oxidative stress and mitochondrial ROS
- Improves heart function in heart failure patients
- Enhances exercise capacity and 6-minute walk distance
How It Works
SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid component of the inner mitochondrial membrane. This binding optimizes the structure and function of cardiolipin, which is essential for proper electron transport chain activity and mitochondrial cristae structure. By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhances ATP synthesis, and improves overall mitochondrial bioenergetics across multiple cell types.
Quick Reference
Typical Dosage Range
Clinical trials typically use dose escalation starting at 0.25 mg/kg daily for 3 days, increasing to 0.5 mg/kg daily for days 4-7, then 1.0 mg/kg daily for maintenance. For severe conditions, doses may be increased to 2.0 mg/kg daily based on tolerance and response. Administration is via subcutaneous injection once or twice daily, with consistent timing recommended for optimal results.
Administration Methods
Subcutaneous injection is the primary route, typically in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm with site rotation to prevent lipodystrophy. For hospitalized patients or severe conditions, intravenous infusion may be used. The peptide should be stored refrigerated and brought to room temperature before injection. Injection sites should be rotated systematically, and proper aseptic technique maintained to prevent infection.
Medical Disclaimer
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is currently in Phase III clinical trials and is not yet FDA approved for general clinical use. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace consultation with healthcare providers. Individual results may vary. Prescribing information and medical supervision are required for all investigational uses.