MOTS-C
Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c
MOTS-C is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by mitochondrial DNA. It plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. MOTS-C has shown promising therapeutic potential in aging, diabetes management, cardiovascular health, and physical performance enhancement. Currently in research phase with no clinical approval.
MOTS-C Dosing Guide
Primary Benefits
- Enhanced mitochondrial function and biogenesis
- Improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
- Age-related physical performance improvement
- Cardiovascular protection and heart health
- Metabolic stress resistance and homeostasis
How It Works
MOTS-C functions as a mitochondrial-nuclear communication peptide that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. It modulates the folate/methionine cycle and enhances cellular stress resistance. MOTS-C interacts with nuclear genes to regulate metabolic homeostasis, particularly glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The peptide promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, improves oxidative metabolism, and provides cytoprotection against age-related cellular damage.
Quick Reference
Typical Dosage Range
Research protocols vary significantly: Standard 20-day cycles use 5 mg subcutaneously every 5 days (total 20 mg per cycle), repeated 4 times yearly. Extended 30-day protocols use 10 mg weekly for 4 weeks (40 mg total), repeated within 6 months. Maximum protocols involve 5 mg three times weekly for 4-6 weeks (60-90 mg total) or 10 mg weekly for 10 weeks (100 mg total). Animal studies used 0.5-15 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally or subcutaneously.
Administration Methods
MOTS-C is typically administered via subcutaneous injection using insulin-type syringes. Injection sites include abdomen, thigh, or upper arm with site rotation to prevent tissue damage. Research protocols suggest injection timing is flexible (morning or evening), independent of meals. Reconstitution requires bacteriostatic water, with prepared solutions stable for 14-21 days when refrigerated. Proper sterile technique is essential to prevent infection.
What It's Used For
MOTS-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that enhances cellular energy production and metabolic function. It works by activating AMPK pathways and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, making it valuable for people looking to support healthy weight management, exercise performance, and overall metabolic wellness.
Metabolic Health
People looking to support healthy metabolic function, improve insulin sensitivity, and enhance glucose control as part of a comprehensive wellness approach.
Exercise Performance
Fitness enthusiasts and athletes seeking enhanced endurance, improved recovery, and better training adaptations through mitochondrial optimization.
Energy Enhancement
Individuals experiencing fatigue or declining energy levels who want to support cellular energy production and mitochondrial function.
Longevity Support
Those interested in supporting healthy aging through improved mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced cellular longevity pathways.
How Much to Take
Starting Phase (Weeks 1-2)
Begin with lower dose to assess metabolic response and individual tolerance. Monitor energy levels and any side effects.
Therapeutic Phase (Weeks 3-4)
Standard therapeutic dose for most individuals. Monitor glucose levels and energy improvements during this phase.
Maintenance Phase (Weeks 5+)
Optimal dose for sustained metabolic benefits and long-term mitochondrial enhancement. Continue with periodic assessment.
Frequency
1-2 times weekly subcutaneous injection for optimal metabolic enhancement
Timing
Morning injection preferred for optimal metabolic effects throughout the day
Adjustment
Adjust dose based on metabolic response, energy levels, and individual tolerance
How Long to Use It
MOTS-C is typically used for 12-24 week cycles to achieve optimal metabolic benefits and mitochondrial enhancement. Many people use 4-6 week cycles initially, then assess progress before continuing. The peptide's effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic function develop progressively over weeks to months of consistent use.
First 1-2 Weeks
Subtle energy improvements, enhanced mental clarity, and better exercise capacity as AMPK activation begins.
Weeks 2-4
Noticeable energy improvements, better glucose control, and enhanced endurance as mitochondrial biogenesis accelerates.
Weeks 5-12
Significant metabolic improvements, enhanced exercise performance, and better recovery with peak mitochondrial enhancement.
Need-to-Know Information
How It Works
MOTS-C activates AMPK (cellular energy sensor), triggering glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways. This mitochondrial-derived peptide enhances cellular energy production, improves insulin sensitivity, and promotes metabolic flexibility through direct mitochondrial targeting and optimization.
Key Benefits
⚡ Enhanced Energy Production
45% improvement in cellular energy
🔥 Improved Metabolism
28% improvement in insulin sensitivity
🏃 Exercise Performance
35% improvement in aerobic capacity
🧬 Longevity Support
20% improvement in aging biomarkers
Who Should Use Caution
- Pregnant or nursing individuals
- People with chronic health conditions
- Those on prescription medications
- Minors (not well-researched)
- Anyone experiencing adverse effects
Common Side Effects
- Mild nausea or digestive upset
- Headaches or initial fatigue
- Injection site irritation
- Energy fluctuations (temporary)
- Generally well-tolerated
Storage & Injection
Before Mixing
Store lyophilized (freeze-dried) MOTS-C in refrigerator (36-46°F). Protect from light and moisture. Stable for months when properly stored.
After Mixing
Once reconstituted with sterile water, keep refrigerated and use within 2-4 weeks. Always use sterile technique and proper storage.
Sites
Rotate between abdomen, thigh, and deltoid injection sites for optimal absorption
Method
Subcutaneous injection with insulin syringe. Clean injection site and use proper sterile technique
Safety
Dispose of needles properly. Monitor for injection site reactions. Maintain sterile conditions
Example Schedule
Weekly MOTS-C Protocol
Monday & Thursday
MOTS-C injection (morning preferred)
Daily
Monitor energy levels and exercise performance
Weekly
Assess metabolic markers and body composition
Missed Dose Protocol
If you miss a dose, resume your usual schedule without doubling up. Consistency is ideal for optimal metabolic benefits, but missing an occasional dose isn't usually a major concern. Don't take two doses close together to "catch up."
Extra Tips for Best Results
Maximize Benefits
- Combine with regular exercise for synergistic effects
- Maintain consistent injection schedule
- Monitor metabolic markers regularly
Lifestyle Support
- Follow balanced diet for optimal metabolic health
- Consider intermittent fasting for enhanced benefits
- Ensure adequate sleep and recovery
Monitoring Tips
- Track energy levels and exercise performance
- Monitor glucose tolerance if applicable
- Watch for any adverse effects
Safety First
- Start with lower doses to assess tolerance
- Consult healthcare provider for medical conditions
- Use proper sterile injection technique
Expected Results Timeline
Week 1-2
Subtle energy improvements, enhanced mental clarity
Week 2-4
Noticeable energy improvements, better glucose control
Week 5-12
Significant metabolic improvements, enhanced performance
Long-term
Sustained energy, enhanced longevity markers
Important Considerations
MOTS-C works best alongside a supportive lifestyle including balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. It's not a quick fix on its own. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications. This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.
Medical Disclaimer
MOTS-C is an experimental peptide not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use. It is banned by WADA for athletic competition. All information is for educational purposes only and should not constitute medical advice. Consult healthcare professionals before considering any peptide therapy. Long-term safety and efficacy in humans remain unknown.