Peptide Comparison
Xenin-25vsMOTS-c
The Natural Incretin Helper Peptide That Enhances Glucose Control and Insulin Response
A remarkable 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by your mitochondrial DNA that acts as an 'exercise mimetic'—boosting metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, and helping your cells adapt to metabolic stress just like a good workout would.
At a Glance
Quick
comparison
Dose Range
Xenin-25
0.1 nmol/kg–1.0 nmol/kg nmol/kg
MOTS-c
5–15 mg
Frequency
Xenin-25
Once daily
MOTS-c
Once daily
Administration
Xenin-25
Intravenous (IV)
MOTS-c
Subcutaneous injection
Cycle Length
Xenin-25
Ongoing/indefinite
MOTS-c
4-6 weeks
Onset Speed
Xenin-25
Moderate (1-2 weeks)
MOTS-c
Moderate (1-2 weeks)
Evidence Level
Xenin-25
Moderate human trials (Phase 1-2)
MOTS-c
Strong preclinical (extensive animal studies)
Efficacy
Benefit
ratings
Glucose Control & Insulin Response
Metabolic Synergy
Natural Physiological Action
Metabolic Enhancement
Insulin Sensitivity
Mitochondrial Function
Technical Data
Compound
specifications
Xenin-25
Molecular Formula
C139H224N38O32S
Molecular Weight
2971.6 g/mol
Half-Life
10-15 minutes (IV administration, subject to variation)
Bioavailability
IV: ~100%; Subcutaneous: Research-dependent; Oral: Limited due to peptide nature (active research)
CAS Number
Not available
MOTS-c
Molecular Formula
C101H152N28O22S2
Molecular Weight
2174.64 g/mol
Half-Life
Approximately 4-8 hours (estimated from preclinical data)
Bioavailability
High when injected subcutaneously
CAS Number
1627580-64-6
Protocols
Dosing
tiers
Xenin-25
MOTS-c
Applications
Best
suited for
Xenin-25
Supporting healthy glucose metabolism
Xenin-25 is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on supporting healthy glucose metabolism. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.
Enhancing insulin response efficiency
Xenin-25 is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on enhancing insulin response efficiency. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.
Research into metabolic disorder treatment
Xenin-25 is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on research into metabolic disorder treatment. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.
MOTS-c
Metabolic Health Optimizers
If you're looking to improve how your body handles glucose and energy, MOTS-c directly targets these systems. It's like giving your cells a metabolic tune-up, helping them respond better to insulin and process sugar more efficiently—key factors for long-term health.
Those Seeking Exercise-Like Benefits
Nicknamed an 'exercise mimetic,' MOTS-c activates many of the same pathways that get turned on during physical activity. While it's not a replacement for actual exercise, it may help enhance the benefits you get from working out or provide some metabolic support when exercise is limited.
Weight Management Seekers
Animal studies show impressive prevention of diet-induced obesity. While human data is still emerging, MOTS-c's effects on fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity suggest potential benefits for those working on healthy weight management alongside diet and exercise.
Healthy Aging Enthusiasts
MOTS-c levels naturally decline with age, which may contribute to age-related metabolic problems. Supplementing may help restore more youthful metabolic function, supporting the body's ability to regulate energy and maintain muscle mass as we get older.
Safety Profile
Side
effects
Xenin-25
Common
- Gastrointestinal Discomfort
- Nausea
- Headache
Uncommon
- Injection Site Reactions
- Mild Fatigue
Serious
- Hypoglycemia Risk
MOTS-c
Common
- Injection site redness
- Mild fatigue
- Mild headache
Uncommon
- Changes in appetite
- Mild hypoglycemia symptoms
Serious
- Allergic reaction
Research Status
Safety
& evidence
Xenin-25
Evidence Level
Moderate human trials (Phase 1-2)
FDA Status
Research compound
Safety Overview
Xenin-25 is a 25-amino acid natural gut peptide discovered in 1992 with moderate evidence from Phase 1-2 human clinical trials. The peptide has been extensively studied in metabolic research for over 30 years. Safety profile shows good tolerability in research settings with mild, transient gastrointestinal effects being the most common. Critical limitation: Xenin-25 has NOT completed Phase 3 clinical trials and is not FDA-approved for clinical use. No serious adverse effects have been reported in research studies, but hypoglycemia risk requires careful monitoring when combined with insulin or other glucose-lowering agents. Individual responses to Xenin-25 are generally mild gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or headache in the first few days—these typically resolve with continued use. The peptide's glucose-dependent mechanism makes hypoglycemia unlikely when used alone, but additive effects with other agents require medical supervision.
Contraindications
- xMedullary thyroid carcinoma or personal/family history
- xMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
- xPregnancy and breastfeeding
- xSevere kidney or liver disease
MOTS-c
Evidence Level
Strong preclinical (extensive animal studies)
FDA Status
Research compound
Safety Overview
MOTS-c has shown an excellent safety profile in preclinical studies, with extensive animal research demonstrating beneficial effects without significant adverse events. The peptide is naturally produced by your own mitochondria, which suggests inherent compatibility with human biology. However, human clinical trial data is still limited, so caution is warranted. Most reported experiences involve minimal side effects, primarily mild injection site reactions.
Contraindications
- xPregnancy or planning to become pregnant
- xCurrently breastfeeding
- xActive cancer or history of cancer
- xKnown allergy to peptide components
- xChildren and adolescents
Decision Guide
Which is
right for you?
Choose Xenin-25 if...
- Supporting healthy glucose metabolism
- Enhancing insulin response efficiency
- Research into metabolic disorder treatment
Choose MOTS-c if...
- Metabolic health optimization
- Insulin sensitivity improvement
- Weight management support
- Mitochondrial function enhancement