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Peptide Database

Goals
Fat LossMuscle BuildingInjury HealingAnti-AgingCognitive EnhancementSleep OptimizationImmune SupportGut HealingSkin RejuvenationSexual Health
Peptides
Adipotide
Weight Management
AOD-9604
Weight Management
BPC-157
Healing & Recovery
Cagrilintide
Weight Management
CJC-1295
Growth Hormone
DSIP
Sleep & Recovery
Epithalon
Anti-Aging
GHK-Cu
Anti-Aging
GHRP-2
Growth Hormone
HCG
Hormone Support
Hexarelin
Growth Hormone
HGH
Growth Hormone
IGF-1 LR3
Growth Hormone
Kisspeptin
Hormone Support
Melanotan-2
Cosmetic
MOTS-C
Metabolic
NAD+
Anti-Aging
Oxytocin Acetate
Hormone Support
PEG-MGF
Recovery
PNC-27
Cancer Research
PT-141
Sexual Health
Retatrutide
Weight Management
Selank
Cognitive
Semaglutide
Weight Management
Semax
Cognitive
Sermorelin
Growth Hormone
Snap-8
Cosmetic
SS-31
Mitochondrial
TB-500
Healing & Recovery
Tesamorelin
Growth Hormone
Thymosin Alpha-1
Immune
Tirzepatide
Weight Management
Total Peptides: 32
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Peptide Comparison

NisinvsThymosin Alpha-1

FDA GRAS-approved lantibiotic (34 amino acids) produced by Lactococcus lactis with a dual antimicrobial mechanism — binds lipid II to block cell wall synthesis AND forms 2 nm transmembrane pores for rapid bacterial killing at MIC 0.5-4 μg/mL against gram-positive pathogens including MRSA and Listeria monocytogenes — the only antimicrobial peptide with over 50 years of documented safe human consumption

Your immune system's master trainer—a naturally occurring thymus peptide that wakes up tired immune cells, helps your body fight infections, and keeps your defenses sharp as you age.

ImmuneImmune

At a Glance

Quick
comparison

Dose Range

Nisin

2.5–25 mg/kg (food preservation; ADI 0.13 mg/kg BW)

Thymosin Alpha-1

1.6–3.2 mg

Frequency

Nisin

Once daily

Thymosin Alpha-1

Twice weekly

Administration

Nisin

Oral (food-grade preservative, GRAS)

Thymosin Alpha-1

Subcutaneous injection

Cycle Length

Nisin

Ongoing/indefinite

Thymosin Alpha-1

8-12 weeks

Onset Speed

Nisin

Rapid (hours to days)

Thymosin Alpha-1

Moderate (1-2 weeks)

Evidence Level

Nisin

Strong human trials (Phase 3 or FDA approved)

Thymosin Alpha-1

Moderate human trials (Phase 1-2)

Efficacy

Benefit
ratings

Nisin
Thymosin Alpha-1

Immune

Nisin9%
Thymosin Alpha-10%

Healing & Recovery

Nisin7%
Thymosin Alpha-10%

Anti-Aging

Nisin5%
Thymosin Alpha-10%

Immune Activation

Nisin0%
Thymosin Alpha-195%

Infection Fighting

Nisin0%
Thymosin Alpha-192%

Immune Balance

Nisin0%
Thymosin Alpha-188%

Technical Data

Compound
specifications

Nisin

Molecular Formula

C143H230N42O37S7

Molecular Weight

3,354.12 Da

Half-Life

Rapidly degraded in GI tract by digestive proteases; stable for hours to days in food matrices at acidic pH; lanthionine ring structures resist most environmental proteases; thermostable (survives pasteurization)

Bioavailability

Degraded by pancreatic proteases in GI tract (does not affect gut microbiome at dietary levels); topical application achieves effective local concentrations; optimal activity at pH 2-6; lanthionine bridges provide significant protease resistance compared to linear peptides

CAS Number

1414-45-5

Thymosin Alpha-1

Molecular Formula

C129H215N33O55

Molecular Weight

3108.32 g/mol

Half-Life

Approximately 2 hours

Bioavailability

High when injected subcutaneously (rapid absorption, peak at ~2 hours)

CAS Number

62304-98-7

Protocols

Dosing
tiers

Nisin

starting

2.5-5 mg/kg (food preservation standard)

Single application during food processing

Provides antimicrobial protection throughout product shelf life

Standard food preservation concentration used in commercial dairy products, canned foods, and processed meats. At these levels, nisin is highly effective against Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium species. This is the well-established, FDA GRAS application with decades of safety data. Optimal activity at pH 2-6.

standard

10-50 μg/mL (research topical application)

Once or twice daily in research settings

Research protocol-dependent (typically 1-4 weeks)

Research concentration for topical antimicrobial applications including wound care models, dental applications, and antimicrobial coating development. Effective against gram-positive skin and wound pathogens including MRSA at these concentrations. Can be combined with EDTA or polymyxin to extend gram-negative coverage.

advanced

50-200 μg/mL (research applications)

Protocol-dependent

Research protocol-dependent

Higher research concentrations for anti-biofilm studies, anticancer research, and synergy studies with gram-negative-targeting agents. At 200 μg/mL combined with EDTA, nisin provides gram-negative coverage. Anticancer IC50 against MCF-7 is approximately 12 μg/mL. Medical supervision required for any non-food applications.

Thymosin Alpha-1

starting

1.6 mg

Twice weekly

4 weeks

This is the standard clinical dose used in most research trials. Start here to assess your tolerance and response. The 1.6 mg dose (sometimes listed as 900 mcg/m2) has decades of safety data behind it.

standard

1.6 mg

Twice weekly

8-12 weeks

The most common protocol used in clinical trials for hepatitis and cancer support. Inject on consistent days (like Monday/Thursday) for best results. This duration allows meaningful immune enhancement.

advanced

1.6 mg daily for 7 days, then twice weekly

Daily initially, then twice weekly

12+ weeks

Used in some severe infection and critical care protocols. The daily loading phase rapidly boots immune function, followed by maintenance. Only under medical supervision for serious conditions.

Applications

Best
suited for

Nisin

Food preservation as a natural antimicrobial alternative to chemical preservatives

Nisin is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on food preservation as a natural antimicrobial alternative to chemical preservatives. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.

Research into novel antimicrobial therapeutics based on lantibiotic scaffolds

Nisin is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on research into novel antimicrobial therapeutics based on lantibiotic scaffolds. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.

Anti-Listeria and anti-Clostridium strategies in food safety and clinical settings

Nisin is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on anti-listeria and anti-clostridium strategies in food safety and clinical settings. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.

Development of antimicrobial wound dressings and dental applications

Nisin is particularly well-suited for individuals focused on development of antimicrobial wound dressings and dental applications. Research and clinical experience suggest meaningful benefits in this area when used as part of a comprehensive treatment approach.

Thymosin Alpha-1

Chronic Hepatitis B or C Support

Thymosin Alpha-1 has its strongest clinical evidence here. Multiple trials show it helps clear viral loads and normalize liver enzymes, especially when combined with antiviral medications. It's approved in over 30 countries specifically for hepatitis treatment.

Cancer Treatment Support

When used alongside chemotherapy, Thymosin Alpha-1 may help maintain immune function that chemo tends to suppress. Research in lung cancer, melanoma, and liver cancer shows improved outcomes when added to standard treatments. It helps your immune system keep fighting even during tough treatments.

Age-Related Immune Decline

As you age, your thymus shrinks and produces less thymosin naturally—a process called immunosenescence. Supplementing with Thymosin Alpha-1 may help compensate, keeping your immune defenses more youthful and responsive. Think of it as replacing what your body makes less of over time.

Severe Infection Recovery

In sepsis and critical infections, Thymosin Alpha-1 has shown promise for reducing mortality by helping restore immune balance. It's particularly interesting because it modulates immunity rather than just boosting it—calming overreaction while enhancing pathogen-fighting ability.

Safety Profile

Side
effects

Nisin

Common

  • No significant effects at dietary levels
  • Mild GI discomfort at research doses
  • Local irritation (topical use)

Uncommon

  • Milk protein allergic reaction
  • Gram-negative overgrowth

Serious

  • No documented serious adverse effects

Thymosin Alpha-1

Common

  • Injection site reactions
  • Mild fatigue
  • Flu-like symptoms

Uncommon

  • Mild fever
  • Lymph node awareness

Serious

  • Allergic reaction

Research Status

Safety
& evidence

Nisin

Evidence Level

Strong human trials (Phase 3 or FDA approved)

FDA Status

FDA approved for this use

Safety Overview

Nisin holds FDA GRAS status since 1988 with over 50 years of documented safe human consumption, making it the only antimicrobial peptide with this comprehensive long-term safety record. Oral LD50 of 174 mg/kg in mice (comparable to table salt) demonstrates extraordinary safety margin. Acceptable daily intake established at 0.13 mg/kg body weight with no reported serious adverse events at this or higher levels. Primary risk is milk protein contamination during production, requiring screening for lactose-intolerant or milk-allergic individuals.

Contraindications

  • xKnown hypersensitivity to nisin or Lactococcus lactis-derived products
  • xMilk protein allergy — nisin production involves dairy-associated bacteria and preparations may contain trace milk proteins
  • xPregnancy and breastfeeding at therapeutic (non-dietary) doses — standard dietary exposure through preserved foods is considered safe
  • xActive inflammatory bowel disease — potential for local irritation at high oral concentrations exceeding normal dietary levels

Thymosin Alpha-1

Evidence Level

Moderate human trials (Phase 1-2)

FDA Status

FDA approved for other use

Safety Overview

Thymosin Alpha-1 has one of the most extensive safety records of any peptide, with decades of clinical use across multiple countries. Studies consistently report minimal side effects—mostly limited to mild injection site reactions. The 2-hour half-life means it doesn't accumulate in your system. It's been used safely in thousands of patients with hepatitis, cancer, and other serious conditions.

Contraindications

  • xOrgan transplant recipients on immunosuppressants
  • xActive autoimmune disease flares
  • xKnown allergy to thymosin peptides
  • xPregnancy or breastfeeding
  • xChildren under 18 without medical supervision

Decision Guide

Which is
right for you?

Choose Nisin if...

  • Food preservation as a natural antimicrobial alternative to chemical preservatives
  • Research into novel antimicrobial therapeutics based on lantibiotic scaffolds
  • Anti-Listeria and anti-Clostridium strategies in food safety and clinical settings
  • Development of antimicrobial wound dressings and dental applications

Choose Thymosin Alpha-1 if...

  • Immune system strengthening
  • Chronic infection support
  • Cancer adjunct therapy
  • Healthy aging immune support