ChonlutenvsLL-37

Molecular Formula

C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₈

Molecular Weight

319.27 g/mol

Half-Life

Short plasma half-life typical of tripeptides (minutes to hours); biological effects persist for weeks to months through epigenetic modifications to bronchopulmonary gene expression; metabolized to constituent amino acids

Bioavailability

Absorbed via intestinal peptide transporters (PepT1) in oral formulation with enteric coating; rapid absorption from subcutaneous injection sites; efficient cellular uptake and nuclear penetration due to ultra-short tripeptide structure

CAS Number

75007-24-8

Molecular Formula

C₂₀₅H₃₄₀N₆₀O₅₃

Molecular Weight

4,493.26 Da

Half-Life

Short systemic half-life (minutes) due to protease susceptibility; local tissue persistence at wound sites is longer due to binding to extracellular matrix components and lipid membranes

Bioavailability

Topical application achieves high local wound-bed concentrations; systemic bioavailability limited by rapid proteolytic degradation and serum protein binding; not intended for oral delivery

CAS Number

154947-66-7

Common

• Injection site reaction
• Mild fatigue
• Transient respiratory changes
• Mild headache

Uncommon

• Flu-like symptoms

Serious

• No documented serious adverse effects

Common

• Local site irritation
• Transient stinging or burning
• Mild perilesional erythema
• Increased wound exudate

Uncommon

• Allergic contact reaction

Serious

• Hemolytic activity at systemic concentrations

Evidence Level

Limited human trials

FDA Status

Research compound

Safety Overview

Chonluten is a cartilage-derived peptide extract used primarily in Russian and Eastern European medicine that lacks FDA approval and rigorous clinical safety data. As a poorly defined mixture of collagen peptides and proteoglycans from cartilage tissue, standardization and batch consistency cannot be guaranteed. Potential risks include allergic reactions to connective tissue proteins, contamination from animal tissues, and unknown immunological effects from proteoglycan components. No formal safety assessments, animal toxicology studies by modern standards, or human Phase 1/2 trials exist. Long-term safety outcomes are completely unstudied.

Contraindications

• xKnown hypersensitivity to peptide bioregulators or constituent amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine)
• xPregnancy and breastfeeding — insufficient reproductive safety data
• xActive pulmonary infections requiring immediate medical treatment
• xSevere immunosuppression without medical supervision — immunomodulatory effects may be unpredictable

Evidence Level

Moderate human trials (Phase 1-2)

FDA Status

Research compound

Safety Overview

LL-37 is an endogenous cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide naturally produced by immune cells and epithelial tissues, conferring inherent biocompatibility and low toxicity at physiological concentrations. Synthetic LL-37 shows excellent safety in in vitro immune assays and animal models with no hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or genotoxicity at relevant doses. At elevated concentrations, the cationic amphipathic structure can cause hemolysis and cell membrane damage, but therapeutic doses are far below these thresholds. Injection site reactions are minimal in research applications.

Contraindications

• xKnown hypersensitivity to cathelicidin peptides or formulation components
• xActive hemolytic conditions — LL-37 demonstrates concentration-dependent hemolytic activity
• xPregnancy and breastfeeding — insufficient reproductive safety data from clinical trials
• xSevere renal impairment — peptide clearance may be altered