1970s
The Tuftsin Discovery
An Immune Peptide's Secret Life
In the 1970s, scientists discovered tuftsin — a tiny four-amino-acid peptide released when your spleen breaks down antibodies. Its job was to activate immune cells, helping your body fight infections.
But researchers noticed something odd. Patients without spleens (and thus low tuftsin levels) often suffered from depression and anxiety. Could this immune peptide also affect the brain?
Studies confirmed the connection. Tuftsin receptors existed in brain areas controlling mood and emotion. The peptide seemed to modulate both immune function and mental state. But like most natural peptides, tuftsin broke down too quickly to be useful as medicine.